SisuSusi | Metal

Metal Works

Perhaps recycling is in our DNA.

Portlandia–hammered from copper, nearly thirty feet tall, a woman holding a trident, reaching down to the street.Long before she arrived, metal was already shaping the city. In the nineteenth century, iron columns, arches and ornamental facades lined Portland's commercial streets.Between 1854 and 1889, cast iron was used in the construction of an extraordinary share of the city's commercial buildings. Our city holds one of the country's largest collections of cast-iron architecture.Some of that iron began just upriver.In 1867, the Oregon Iron Company fired its stone furnace at Oswego, smelting local ore into pig iron.Willamette Iron Works turned metal into machinery, riverboat boilers, logging equipment, and ships; during the war, Kaiser's shipyards along the Willamette and Columbia turned stell into hundreds of Liberty and Victory ships.In 1906, Sam Schnitzer began collecting scrap metal in Portland.Old machinery, pieces of steel, discarded metal.Metal has an unusual quality. It can be melted down and made into something new without necessarily losing the properties that made it useful.What began as a one-man scrap operation became Schnitzer Steel, one of the largest metal recyclers in the country.Today, most of us encounter metal on a smaller scale.We open a can of tomatoes.Crack open a beer.Feed a cat.Or spray something from an aerosol can.The aluminum or steel in a container can be recovered and made useful again.

METAL

Metal doesn't wear out. Steel and aluminum can be melted and made into new products again and again without losing essential properties.The challenge is getting the metal out of the waste system stream.

Was it packaging?

For the co-mingled bin, a good clue that it belongs in the recycling bin is if the metal was a container–something to hold a consumable:

Food
Drink
Pet food
Paint
Aerosols

If the container is metal, empty and dry → recycle it.

RECYCLING METAL

Metal Containers

empty
dry

Small metal under 2"

lids · caps · screws · nails

put small pieces in a metal can + crimp closed

scrap metal

under 18"
under 10 lbs
pots · pans · Utensils

Aerosols

completely empty
do not puncture

Exclude

Tanglers:

wires · chains · hangers · cords

other systems:

batteries · electronics · sharp objects

These items may be recyclable, just not through this collection system.

Deep Dive

Diving Girl adapted from Jantzen's historic Portland iconography– a small piece of our local visual history, repurposed here with appreciation.Jantzen Diving Girl ©/^TM. are trademarks of their respective owner. Permission requested.

why

are frozen-food boxes different?

when in doubt

ask

METRO

use well

know more

bring your own

Take your favorite mug to the coffee shop–or keep a reusable cup or thermos with you when you’re on the go.And when your barista notices, ask them to snap a photo of you with your mug. Post it to Instagram, tag the coffee shop, and add #SiSuSuSiDoMore.Bringing your own eliminates the disposable paper cup, its plastic lining, and plastic lid.Small actions repeated often add up.

notice the packaging

Before you buy it again, find out what the company says about the package.Start with the companies website. Search for answers to these questions:

What is the packaging made from?

How much of it is made from recycled materials?

Look specifically for PCR–post-consumer recycled content–material that has already been used and recovered.

Can it be recycled when its purpose has been served?

"Recyclable" doesn't necessarily mean it can be recycled where you live. Check METRO.

METRO

Promises or progress?

Is the company eliminating packaging, making it lighter, or offering refillable and reusable options–or simply replacing one disposable material with another?Are they tracking their impact? Look for a baseline year, a target date, and reported results.Ask: What does this company put into our waste system–and what responsibility does it take for what happens next?And after you've done all that research, read the sustainability report, deciphered the packaging claims and checked with METRO...maybe you don't need it after all.

eat what you buy

One of the most impactful things we can do for the climate is also one of the simplest:Consume what we already have.The average Oregonian throws away about 120 pounds of food at home each year.At the same time, roughly 1 in 8 Oregonians experiences food insecurity.For many of us, abundance feels like security. A full refrigerator. A freezer packed to the edges. Something extra in the pantry, just in case.But abundance can make food hard to find.We buy another package because we’ve forgotten the one buried behind the ice cream. We freeze leftovers and find them six months later covered in freezer burn.What gets thrown away isn't just the food–or what we paid for it.It's the land and water used to grow it. The labor to harvest and process it. The energy to package, transport, refrigerate and freeze it....only to throw it away in the end?

how to waste less

shop your kitchen first

make leftovers tomorrow's breakfast

buy what you will actually eat

keep the freezer useful, not stuffed

first in, first out

freeze it, label it, use it

compost scraps

Notice what you throw away

what type of tree is used to make paper

In the Pacific Northwest, paper often starts with what remains after logs are turned into lumber. Those logs come primarily from Douglas fir, western hemlock, true firs, spruce, and pine, with hardwoods such as red alder and cottonwood also contributing fiber.Sawmills produce chips, sawdust, shavings, and other wood by-products. Much of that material isn’t discarded. Wood chips can become pulp–the fiber used to make paper and packaging.But trees aren’t the only source of paper fiber. Paper can also be made from agricultural leftovers such as wheat and rice straw and sugarcane bagasse, as well as plants including flax and bamboo.Bamboo is often seen as a “green” alternative. It grows extraordinarily quickly and can be harvested in just a few years.But fast-growing doesn’t necessarily mean low-impact.Much of the bamboo used for papermaking is grown and processed in Asia. Turning it into pulp requires energy, water, and chemicals; transporting the finished fiber or paper adds another environmental cost. Some research comparing bamboo with wood-based fibers such as eucalyptus has found that bamboo paper can require more land and energy to produce.

how much packaging do we consume ?

Online shopping has increased the amount of packaging we use and discard.Oregon DEQ specifically identifies the growth of e-commerce as a source of increased packaging use and waste. In Oregon, packaging accounts for an estimated 20-30% of household and business waste.Nationally, the numbers are similar. According to the U.S. EPA, containers and packaging account for 28.1% of municipal solid waste generated in 2018–more than 82 million tons a year. Paper and paperboard packaging alone accounted for 14.3% of the entire waste stream.Every online purchase requires something to contain, protect, and transport it: cardboard boxes, paper cushioning, plastic films, padded envelopes, and other shipping materials.

Why are frozen-food boxes different

Part of the answer:

A milk carton and a frozen food box seem to belong together; both are paper-based, and both hold food, but the similarity ends there.The dairy industry has long been tied to schools, public health, and regional identity. Milk, once a part of everyday life, came to symbolize trust. As consumption grew, so did the waste– and with it, the potential for that trust to erode.The dairy industry helped build a coordinated recycling system, working with packaging producers like Tetra Pak to ensure those cartons had a viable afterlife.A milk carton is designed to hold a perishable but relatively stable liquid: it needs protection from light and air, but not from extreme conditions.Its structure addresses those needs. Layers of paper provide rigidity, while thin films of plastic and sometimes aluminum create a protective barrier that delays disintegration. Paper fiber remains the dominant component. With the right infrastructure, those layers can be separated, and the fibers recovered. The packaging is complex but designed to come apart.Frozen food is a different species. Here, the promise is convenience: dinner, ready in under twenty minutes.To deliver that convenience, its packaging must endure freezer to microwave–moisture to heat. To perform under these conditions, it is often treated with polymer coatings or laminated layers that bond tightly to the paper substrate.These layers don’t separate easily. In the pulping process, water and agitation break down the paper into individual fibers. But polymer coatings resist water and remain bonded to some of those fibers. When the plastic is screened out, usable fiber goes with it.The frozen-food industry is also more fragmented. Unlike dairy, it spans everything from vegetables and pizza to ice cream and prepared meals. With so many different requirements, there is no simple path to recyclability.Until recently, the cost of disposal was largely absent from the producer's income statement. A company had to account for what it cost to make the package, fill it, ship it, and sell it–but not what it would cost to deal with that package once it was empty.Recycling is not driven solely by technical possibility; it is shaped by economics.Milk cartons, once processed, can yield fibers that retain value. Frozen food boxes tend to yield less recoverable fiber at a higher processing cost. In a market-driven system, the question is not simply whether it can be recycled, but whether it makes sense to do so.Oregon’s Recycling Modernization Act begins to shift that equation. Producers are increasingly responsible for the end-of-life impacts of their packaging. Materials that are harder to process may cost more than materials that integrate more easily into the system.The difference between a milk carton and a frozen food box, then, is not just about materials.It reflects a system of choices- what industries prioritize, what the infrastructure supports, what costs are accounted for, and what we, as consumers, choose and demand.

Diving Girl, A Portland Icon, repurposed.

How much do we use?

Toilet paper gets used once.
Then we flush it.Americans use an estimated 141 rolls per person each year–about 28 pounds of toilet paper.Most toilet paper sold in the US is still made primarily from new wood fiber.But it doesn’t have to be.Toilet paper can be made from recovered paper instead. In Halsey, Oregon, Georgia-Pacific makes ARIA toilet paper from 100% recycled fiber, primarily office and school paper. It earns an A+ from NDRC’s The Issue with Tissue Scorecard.Here is the curious part:ARIA is made in Oregon, but the company’s current retailer list identifies no Oregon brick-and-mortar retailer.

In Halsey, Oregon

Georgia-Pacific employs hundreds of people making toilet paper and paper towels, including ARIA, a three-ply tissue made from 100% recycled fiber and packaged in recycled paper.The mill is growing. Georgia-Pacific announced a $150 million expansion to increase toilet-paper production.Koch, Inc., a privately held company based in Wichita, Kansas, owns Georgia-Pacific.Oregon has the resource.Oregon has the labor.However, the mill is not locally owned.What toilet paper are Oregonians buying?And where does that money go?